This book develops the concept of defensive expectations in relation to inflation. It examines how after an income loss, people save more to make up for that loss – these are compensatory savings, in excess of precautionary savings and indifferent to interest rate cuts. Inflation stays low until households fully recover their loss and it increases afterwards. People think of their loss in terms of stock, which is calculated by the cumulative wage gap – a better measure of slack than the output gap or the unemployment gap. A revised Phillips Curve shows resemblances to the loss-gain function. This book contributes to a better understanding of different inflation dynamics, including the periods of low inflation and the sharp increases after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is relevant to policymakers and researchers, as well as more general readers interested in an alternative explanation of inflation, savings and consumption behavior during and after recessions.