The study was developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in response to the request of the Republic of Moldova, to improve the forest reproductive material (FRM) sector in the Republic of Moldova. The study includes an overview of FRM production in selected European countries, assesses Moldova's FRM production capacity and identifies challenges such as outdated technology and labour shortages. It highlights the need for better nursery infrastructure, species diversification and strategic planning to meet targets set in the National Afforestation and Reforestation Programme (NARP). Centralizing FRM production, modernizing techniques and securing political support are critical to success. The study outlines concrete steps to improve the FRM sector, link it to NARP objectives, and ensure long-term sustainability through comprehensive planning and stakeholder engagement.