This book provides a comprehensive examination of direct-action rights within Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs, a cornerstone of the maritime industry, providing robust insights into the interplay of legal frameworks and maritime insurance in an increasingly globalized industry. P&I Clubs provide shipowners with extensive liability coverage under rules largely governed by English law, due to its global maritime influence. Through a comparative analysis of English and Turkish legal approaches, the book examines how these differing frameworks affect the development and functioning of P&I insurance. It highlights critical disparities in the legal treatment of direct action against P&I Clubs, shedding light on their implications for maritime insurance policy, practice, and industry growth. It also covers the unique principles that distinguish P&I Clubs from other types of liability insurance. Additionally, the book offers recommendations for harmonising national legal systems with P&I Club rules, highlighting strategies to promote the growth and effectiveness of the maritime insurance sector. Drawing on extensive primary legal texts, case law, and comparative legal methodologies, the book suggests regulatory reforms for Turkey and other jurisdictions worldwide. The book will be of interest to researchers in the field of maritime law, maritime insurance and insurance law.