This book reassesses our understanding of rural landscapes in the Near East between the first and fourth centuries CE. Previous histories of the Roman Near East have been influenced by an underlying set of assumptions, based mainly on readings of Classical literature, regarding the impact of Rome on this region. To achieve these aims the book explores the nature of rural settlement in the Near East during the period through an in-depth examination of the material evidence. It also assesses current theories of Roman imperialism and acculturation and the extent to which the rural environment of the Near East was affected by such processes. Most work in this area is on the Roman West and this book offers an eastern model using archaeological examples. Recent archaeological data is introduced through a series of thematic chapters that address some of the most important factors that have shaped the rural environment including the ways in which the countryside was used and exploited, the changes triggered by the arrival of Rome and the extent to which the ritual and funerary landscapes of the rural environment were transformed during this period. Taken all together volume evaluates the impact of Roman rule on the Greek East as experienced in the realm of the rural. Offering a new framework by which comparisons with other areas of the eastern half of the Roman Empire and the western provinces can be made, this book is for students and researchers interested in the process of imperialism, and the archaeology of the Near East and Roman Empire.