Categorizing race and ethnicity for twenty-first-century statistics and economics.
The increasing racial and ethnic diversity of the US population raises the question of whether the race and ethnicity categories and definitions used by federal statistical agencies to create demographic statistics on which government officials, business decision-makers, and private citizens rely fully reflect the changing population. Official definitions of existing race and ethnic groups do not always command wide agreement, and over time, some definitions that were once widely accepted may become less so based on political, legal, and social factors. Comparable measures of race and ethnicity over time are needed to accurately track historical changes in economic and social outcomes, as well as racial and ethnic segregation.
This volume explores the production of economic statistics that accurately depict the complex racial and ethnic diversity of the US population in the twenty-first century. The chapters examine the consequences for economic analyses of different measurement choices concerning race and ethnicity, assess the likely implications of the 2024 changes in federal race and ethnicity measurement standards, introduce new data sets with richer demographic information, and compare measures of race and ethnicity in administrative versus survey data. They also apply existing data in creative ways to develop alternative characterizations of the changing US workforce and to illuminate important policy questions related to criminal justice, immigration, labor market discrimination, the social safety net, health care, and child welfare.
Prefatory Note
Introduction
Randall Akee, Lawrence F. Katz, and Mark A. Loewenstein
I. Measuring Race and Ethnicity in the Federal Statistical System
1. Measuring the Racial and Ethnic Composition and Diversity of the US Population: Historical Challenges and Contemporary Opportunities
Nicholas Jones, Eric Jensen, Karen Battle, and Rachel Marks
2. Data Collection Without Definitions
William A. Darity Jr. and Stephan Lefebvre
3. Measuring Potential Effects of Introducing the 2024 Race and Ethnicity Standards into the Current Population Survey
Mark A. Loewenstein, David S. Piccone Jr., and Anne E. Polivka
4. Estimating the Potential Impact of Combined Race and Ethnicity Reporting on Long-Term Earnings Statistics
Kevin L. McKinney and John M. Abowd
II. Implications of Mismeasured and Imputed Race and Ethnicity
5. Race and Ethnicity (Mis)measurement in the US Criminal Justice System
Keith Finlay, Elizabeth Luh, and Michael Mueller-Smith
6. Unwarranted Disparity in High-Stakes Decisions: Race Measurement and Policy Responses
E. Jason Baron, Joseph J. Doyle Jr., Natalia Emanuel, Peter Hull, and Joseph Ryan
7. Quantifying the Uncertainty of Imputed Demographic Disparity Estimates: The Dual-Bootstrap
Benjamin Lu, Jia Wan, Derek Ouyang, Jacob Goldin, and Daniel E. Ho
8. The Missing Link? Using LinkedIn Data to Measure Race, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Employment Outcomes at Individual Companies
Alexander Berry, Molly Maloney, and David Neumark
III. Applications
9. Race, Ethnicity, and Measurement Error
Bruce D. Meyer, Nikolas Mittag, and Derek Wu
10. Ethnic Identity and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment: Evidence from Proposition 187
Francisca M. Antman and Brian Duncan
11. Granular Income Inequality and Mobility Using IDDA: Exploring Patterns Across Race and Ethnicity
Illenin Kondo, Kevin Rinz, Natalie Gubbay, Brandon Hawkins, John Voorheis, and Abigail Wozniak
12. Earnings Inequality and Immobility for Hispanics and Asians: An Examination of Variation Across Subgroups
Randall Akee, Sonya R. Porter, and Emilia Simeonova
Author Index
Subject Index
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