The EEA Agreement extends the four freedoms (persons, goods, services and capital) to Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. It provides for equal conditions of competition and abolishes discrimination on grounds of nationality. The EFTA Court, celebrating its 30th anniversary in 2024, has jurisdiction over parties to the Agreement. This jurisdiction corresponds to that of the Court of Justice of the European Union over EU Member States in matters of EEA law. This collection of essays, written by members of the Court and external experts, reviews the successes and shortcomings of the Court, its interface with EU law, and its future development.
Foreword: The EFTA Court: Developing the EEA over Three Decades
Páll Hreinsson
List of Contributors
JUDICIAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE EEA AGREEMENT: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
1. The Foundations of the EFTA Court: Looking Back at the Two EEA Opinions of the Court of Justice
Koen Lenaerts and Stanislas Adam
2. Opinion 1/91 Revisited
Marc van der Woude
3. The Rise and Fall of the EEA Court: Recollections of a Lost Battle in 1990–91
Niilo Jääskinen
4. The Surveillance and Court Agreement: Looking Back, Looking Ahead
Bernd Hammermann
5. Could Using the EFTA Surveillance and Judicial Pillar Help the Schengen Associates Deepen their Cooperation with the EU in JHA Matters and beyond?
Thérèse Blanchet
6. Reform of the Judicial Architecture of the EFTA Pillar of the EEA
Graham Butler
7. Principled Reasoning in the EFTA Court
Michael Reiertsen
THE EFTA COURT AND SUPREME COURTS OF THE EFTA STATES
8. The Liechtenstein Constitutional Court and the Primacy of EEA Law
Hilmar Hoch
9. The EFTA Court and the Supreme Court of Iceland
Benedikt Bogason and Þorgeir Örlygsson
10. The Supreme Court of Norway and the EFTA Court through 30 Years
Toril Marie Øie and Henrik Bull
11. EFTA Court Decisions as a Source of Law in Norway
Ola Mestad
THE INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF INTERNAL MARKET LAW
12. Dynamism, Homogeneity and Byzantine Structures: A Reassessment of Integration in the EEA
Marise Cremona
13. The Liechtenstein EEA Coordination Unit and the EFTA Court
Andrea Entner-Koch and Romina Schobel
14. Maglite, L’Oreal and RAAP: Making Sense of Third-Country Regulation of Intellectual Property Rights in the EEA
Ole-Andreas Rognstad
15. Two Tales, One Outcome?: The Principle of Proportionality in the Case Law of the EFTA Court
Gunnar Thor Petursson
16. On the Margins: The Case Law of the EFTA Court Regarding the Scope of the EEA Agreement
Ólafur Jóhannes Einarsson
17. The NAV Case in the EFTA Court and the Supreme Court of Norway
Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen and Christian NK Franklin
18. The Fosen-Linjen Saga: Not So Simple after All?
Albert Sanchez-Graells
19. Taking Procedures Seriously: The Case Law of the EFTA Court in the Field of State Aid
Gjermund Mathisen
20. The Evolution of State Control over the Exploitation of Natural Energy Resources
Kristín Haraldsdóttir
EEA AGREEMENT AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
21. The EEA Agreement and the ECHR: A Strasbourg Perspective
Arnfi nn Bårdsen
22. Effective Judicial Protection under the EEA Agreement
Hilde K Ellingsen
23. The Right to Be Heard before Referring to the EFTA Court – And after Receiving the Court’s Opinion
Wilhelm Ungerank
24. The EFTA Court’s Contribution to Fundamental Rights Protection in the EEA in Competition Law Cases: The Notion of Complex Economic Assessments and Judicial Review
Karin Fløistad
THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
25. ‘Everything Must Change So That Everything Can Remain the Same’: The CJEU and the Temporal Dissonance of Europe ‘Then’ and ‘Now’
JHH Weiler and Andreas P Müller
Index
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