This textbook primarily introduces theories and methods of oil and gas resource exploration and is a core course for training modern oil and gas exploration professionals. Firstly, compared to previous textbooks, the content has been reconstructed, integrating Oil and Gas Geology with Oil and Gas Exploration, forming a complete system with the theory of hydrocarbon generation, migration, distribution, and exploration methods, which is more in line with students' cognitive patterns. Secondly, scientific research achievements and new theories and methods are promptly supplemented into it, such as updating the content of hydrocarbon migration, making its content both inherit the classics and keep pace with the times. Thirdly, the practical teaching approach is strengthened, keeping up with the development needs of the industry, and integrating field cases of oil field enterprises into the teaching practice, such as the development of the oil and gas charging model of the traps (obtained a national invention patent), which effectively solves the problem from the student to establish three-dimensional space and temporal concepts. This textbook can be used for both advanced undergraduate and graduate students majoring in petroleum resource exploration and is also a handy reference for a wide range of oil and gas geologists.