The Catchment to Coast Conundrum in Tanzania: The Past, the Present, and the Future of Water Resources and Anthropogenic Activities is an essential book addressing the interactions between river basins and coastal and marine environments in the West Indian Ocean region (WIO). Key issues include water and sediment quality degeneration due to pollution, physical alteration, destruction of habitats, and changes in freshwater flows and sediment loads. The WIO region is experiencing rapid population growth, causing land-based activities to exert pressure on the marine environment, degrade critical coastal habitats, and alter freshwater flow and sediment loads into the WIO.
The book emphasizes the importance of science-based ecosystem-centered management of river basins for the sustainability of ecosystems in the WIO region. It discusses increased human population pressure and inappropriate land uses in upper catchments as major causes of environmental degradation. This comprehensive guide aims to provide students and researchers with essential knowledge about the area and raise awareness on the significance of river restoration and conservation in river basin management, including coastal areas.
Preface to this Book Brief summary of the book
Section One: Source-to-Sea: From the Headwater to the Marine Ecosystems
1. An overview of major WIO river basins o Rufiji River Basin o Pangani River Basin, o Wami/Ruvu River Basin o Ruvuma and Southern Coast Basin
2. Catchment drainage networks and resource regimes
3. River ecosystems, Biodiversity, Human well-being, Values and Threats
4. River Ecology, the Natural Flow Regime Paradigm and Hydro-ecological Principles
5. Legislation and Policy Framework
Section Two: Development and Social Impacts
1. Development on river, estuary and marine ecosystems o Landuse and Land Cover Change o Water Abstraction o Hydropower Generation o Pollution o Mining o Agricultural o Urbanization
2. Water resources utilization and use
Section Three: Implications of Climate variability Change on WIO waters
1. Trends in climate variability and impacts on WIO rivers
2. Climate change predictions of WIO rivers
3. Climate Change and Resilience
Section Four: Scientific Approaches and Methods in Water Management A key focus is how to balance a huge climate interannual variability (with a succession of floods and droughts), with environmental and social needs within the river basins and in the coastal zone.
1. Tools and Methods for Environmental Flow Assessments and Implementation
2. IWRM in WIO Rivers
• Governance and Institutional Frameworks
• Community-based management
• Gender equity and mainstreaming and decision making
• Capacity building
Section Five: Transboundary water management
1. WIO Transboundary rivers and River Basin Organizations
2. International water law and transboundary agreements
3. Negotiations and conflict resolution
Section Six: Presenting Case Studies/Synthesis
• Selected case studies
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