This book provides in-depth coverage of metrology principles for students, practicing engineers, technologists, and researchers. Dimensional Metrology presents and explains mathematical principles and treatments and practical applications of metrology, with numerous chapter exercises that link theory to the solution of practical problems. Computer-based classes of dimensional metrology are covered, such as CMM-technology, areal surface measurement, and X-ray computed tomography. Readers are shown how to perform and evaluate dimensional measurements and interpret the results. Measuring instruments and methods are explained so readers can determine which to use for specific applications. This book aims to give both the technician and the academic researcher in the field a thorough understanding of both the mathematical principles and uses, and their applications. It can well act as the basis for a course series at bachelor and master level for students in mechanical engineering.