After the Pontic Kingdom’s defeat and northern Anatolia’s integration into the Roman Empire in 64/63 BCE, the region experienced an urban transformation. The victorious Pompey founded Pompeiopolis as one of seven new cities. This book publishes seminal fieldwork conducted at Pompeiopolis (2006–2016) with comparative studies on Roman cities that lays the groundwork for future research on the development of urban landscapes in the Roman East.