Comprehensive Toxicology, Fourth Edition, Fifteen Volume Set follows the longstanding tradition started with the first edition in 1997 and represents an essential one-stop reference for researchers in toxicology. The focus of the work is on understanding mechanisms by which chemicals effect biological systems and induce adverse health effects. Edited by a world-class editorial board, with 400 outstanding in-depth contributions from renowned experts, this fourth edition spans across fifteen volumes and nearly 9,000 pages. The work is organized to cover all the major organ systems as well as general principles of toxicology, cellular and molecular aspects, biotransformation of chemicals, testing and evaluation of toxicity. Comprehensive Toxicology, Fourth Edition edition has been completely revised and updated to reflect the latest research advances. Around 30 new chapters have been added to cover new approaches in testing strategies, novel in vitro models such as organ on a chip, microphysiological system to name a few; computational approaches, new approaches to risk and safety assessment, harmonization, artificial intelligence and the microbiome amongst others. Comprehensive Toxicology, Fourth Edition is the most extensive and authoritative resource in this area which will continue to support not only researchers, but also faculty and students in Toxicology as well as professionals across the medical, veterinary, food, environmental, chemical and pharmaceutical industries and international regulatory agencies.