This present book collects a distinguished selection of contributions by scholars who participated as speakers or as visiting scientists in the intensive programme Puglia Summer Trimester 2023 took place in Bari, Italy, from April to July 2023, and also includes contributions by further scholars who are expert in related fields. The programme was structured around a series of main meetings, including a general conference and a summer school, supplemented by the local presence and activities of an amount of visiting scientists. Additionally, efforts were made to disseminate and popularise mathematics among schools and the general public, with the aim of extending the programme's impact beyond the immediate academic sphere. Each chapter, in the form of retrospective reviews, overviews on recent developments, announcements and comments of new results, as well as outlooks on future perspectives, represents some of the main scientific instances of the trimester in Bari. The trimester was actually focussed on a spectrum of mathematical problems, directly stemming or inspired from a variety of physical domains, involving singular modelling, asymptotic and emergent phenomena, singular interactions, non-trivial limit effects. Natural backgrounds are quantum physics, cold atom physics, soft matter physics, with methods and tools, suitably adapted to such singular settings, spanning across operator and spectral theory, functional analysis, probability, differential geometry, partial differential equations, and numerical analysis.
Globally integrable quantum systems and their perturbations.- On two-dimensional Dirac operators with $\delta$-shell interactions supported on unbounded curves with straight ends.- Attractor Subspace and Decoherence-Free Algebra of Quantum Dynamics.- Algebraic localization of generalized Wannier bases implies Roe triviality in any dimension.- Hearing the boundary conditions of the one-dimensional Dirac operator Bosonized Momentum Distribution of a Fermi Gas via Friedrichs Diagrams.- Self-adjointness and Domain of Generalized Spin–Boson Models with Mild Ultraviolet Divergences.- Random Linear Systems with Quadratic Constraints: from Random Matrix Theory to replicas and back.- New analytical and geometrical aspects on Trudinger-Moser type inequality in 2D.- Resolvent limits of exterior boundary value problems and singular perturbation of Laplace operator in 3D.- The Search for NLS Ground States on a hybrid domain: motivations, methods, and results.- From microscopic to macroscopic: the large number dynamics of agents and cells, possibly interacting with a chemical background.- Open problems and perspectives on solving Friedrichs systems by Krylov approximation.- Singularity: a Seventh Memo.
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