Since the inception of bitcoin in 2009, cryptoassets and decentralised finance (DeFi) have become a multi-trillion-dollar industry, with a growing number of users, entrepreneurs, investment funds and institutional investors all over the world. This has led to understandably high levels of attention from scholars, the media, and policymakers but much of the writing on decentralised finance is polarised or polemical. In contrast, this book provides a balanced, scholarly and sober assessment of broad questions about the very existence and purposes of decentralised finance. Drawing largely on the Austrian school of economics, particularly the ideas of Hayek and Lachmann, the book explores the stated aims of proponents of decentralised finance, particularly the goals of having decentralised governance and financial inclusion in an anonymous environment with low exit barriers. Prioritising the theoretical and political aspects of decentralised finance, over the financial or technological, the book considers whether these aims are realistic and whether decentralised finance can complement or substitute for traditional financial mechanisms (“TradFi”). This book will be of valuable reading for economists, political scientists and policymakers who are engaging with these key issues around cryptocurrencies and decentralised finance.