With contributions from experts from around the world, this handbook aims to systemize the existing experience and knowledge that can be used to the development of more efficient and controlled railway systems. As a result, the handbook showcases the modern methods, methodologies and frameworks for the development of DT and AI architectures and apparatus in the area of the existing railway systems and transport engineering tasks. The chapters cover varies specialized topics, such as the processes related to the transformation of a physical twin into a digital twin; the application of data-driven and physics-based simulation approaches in the development of digital twins; asset management application tasks with the implementation of DT and AI; experimental and field applications of the DT and AI concepts and technologies in railway transport system design and predictive maintenance tasks, etc. Handbook on Digital Twin and Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Rail Applications is essential reading for engineers, practitioners and researchers involved in the development of railway transport and transit systems.