This book presents a detailed yet practical summary of the major issues and instruments involved in the assessment of posttraumatic disturbances. Drs. Eadie and Briere analyze the types of traumas most likely to produce long-term difficulties, and explain the biological, historical, social, and cultural factors that mediate between trauma and long-term outcome. This fully-updated new edition combines extensive research on traumatic events, including rape, stalking, sex trafficking, torture, terrorist attacks, motor vehicle accidents, and natural disasters, along with new material on complex traumas, parental disattunement and emotional neglect, drug-facilitated sexual assault, sex trafficking, pregnancy loss, COVID-19-related stressors, and exposure to social maltreatment. Especially relevant to the clinician, researcher, and forensic specialist, this book reviews the available research on standardized measures currently available for evaluating the impact of trauma, with a close evaluation of the psychometric characteristics of each instrument. A comprehensive review of new trauma-relevant measures is provided, with an emphasis on direct clinical relevance to the assessment of posttraumatic states.