This book is unique in its presentation of social protection scenarios in four different continents: Africa, America, Asia and Europe. It has specifically presented the social protection trajectories in Uganda, Mexico, Thailand and Norway. Within each country, the book has presented the genesis of social protection and its trajectory to the present day. The book generally covers key topical areas such as the historical background of social protection, the legal and institutional frameworks, the risk and vulnerability, financing, group/gender specific interventions, the social protection interventions during COVID-19; and the challenges of social protection interventions in the 21st Century. The book is recommended for academics, researchers, policy makers and implementors on welfare related policies. Policy makers who are planning ahead to improve the welfare of their citizens may find some lessons to learn from the experiences of these four countries.