Preface Acknowledgments About The Author Chapter 1: Introduction to Research Methodology Why Do I Need to Know About Research Methods? The Goals of Science The Steps in the Research Process Characteristics of Science Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Chapter 2: Developing Research Ideas and Hypotheses Sources of Research Ideas Finding Relevant Literature The Basic Components of a Journal Article Outlining Your Literature Review Generating Hypotheses Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Let’s Write About Research! Chapter 3: Ethics A Brief History of Research Ethics General Principles of the American Psychological Association’s Ethics Code Ethical Standards of the American Psychological Association’s Ethics Code: Research Ethics and Research on the Internet Ethical Standards of the American Psychological Association’s Ethics Code: Publication Open Science Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Let’s Write About Research! Chapter 4: Defining and Measuring Variables Operational Definitions Scales of Measurement Characteristics of Good Measurement Internal Validity and External Validity Chapter Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Let’s Write About Research! Chapter 5: Descriptive Research Methods and Qualitative Research Naturalistic Observation Participant Observation Archival Research Case Studies Qualitative Research Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Chapter 6: Correlational Research The Basic Differences Between Experimentation and Correlational Research The Correlation Coefficient A Visual Representation of a Correlation Factors Affecting the Strength of a Correlation Coefficient Statistical Assessments of Relationships Correlation and Causality Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Chapter 7: Survey Research Types of Survey Questions Question-Writing Guidelines Administering the Survey Response and Nonresponse Biases Sample Size Online Survey Research Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Chapter 8: Experimentation With One Independent Variable Experimental Design Controlling Extraneous Variables Differentiating Between-Subject Designs from Within-Subject Designs Manipulating Independent Variables Measuring Dependent Variables A Few Final Points About Dependent Variables The Posttest Only Design Versus the Before-After Design A Consideration of the Results Creating an Online Experiment Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Chapter 9: Factorial Designs: Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable Factorial Designs Using a 2 x 2 Design Using a 2 x 3 Design Using a 3 x 3 Design Mixed Designs Higher Order Factorial Designs Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Chapter 10: Quasi-Experimental Designs What Is a Quasi-Experimental Design? More on Testing Preformed Groups Possible Threats to Internal Validity Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Chapter 11: Small-N Designs What Are Small-N Designs? History of Small-N Designs Small-N Designs: General Details Multiple-Baseline Designs Changing-Criterion Designs Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Chapter 12: External Validity What Is External Validity? Population Validity Ecological Validity Temporal Validity Summary Review Questions Articles as Illustration Suggested Activities Chapter 13: Writing About and Presenting Your Research The Organization of a Psychology Research Paper Title Page Abstract The Introduction Method Results Discussion References Tables and Figures Summary Review Questions Additional Sources to Consider Suggested Activities Appendix A: Sample Research Paper Appendix B: Table of Random Numbers Appendix C: A Review of Selected Grammar Rules Appendix D: The Research Paper Checklist

• Psychological methodology

• Experimental psychology

• Tertiary Education (US: College)

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