This open access book focuses on China’s building energy consumption and CO2 emissions, to discuss the status quo of China’s building energy in four categories, their characteristics and technologies to improve energy efficiency and achieve zero-carbon emission. Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets have been one of the main motivations and goals for China’s social and economic development. Building is one of the most important sectors to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. In particular, this book discusses the pathways to achieve the carbon neutrality target for China’s rural buildings and rural energy system. This book analyzes the energy system transformation, technology perspectives to implement energy and carbon target in rural building sector. This book consists of large scale of survey data, monitoring data, and case studies. The discussion on technologies and policies is supported by a variety of evidences and continuous research for more than ten years. The information, data, and policy suggestions will be of interest to national and international audiences working in the fields of energy, climate change, engineering, and building science areas.