Amphibians of Ecuador, Volume IV is the final installment in a four-volume series that provides comprehensive, well-illustrated, and authoritative insights into the amphibian species of Ecuador, making it an invaluable resource for biologists, conservationists, and others. The series explores, in comprehensive detail, the cultural history and the rich amphibian diversity of Ecuador, providing a thorough review of biogeography, amphibian declines, and conservation. Volume IV specifically focuses in Phyllomedusidae, Leptodactylidae, Ceratophryidae, Hemiphractidae, Eleutherodactylidae, Centrolenidae, Gymnophiona, and Caudata. Characteristics of each species are listed, defined, and compared to similar other species. Reproductive behavior, where known, is described as are data on vocalizations, larvae and ontogenetic changes. Amphibian distributions are detailed and illustrated with physiographic maps with dots. The volume also addresses the declines, extinctions, and conservation status of each species, highlighting their occurrence in protected areas. Key Features: Provides detailed and comprehensive accounts for all species from Ecuador of Phyllomedusidae, Leptodactylidae, Ceratophryidae, Hemiphractidae, Eleutherodactylidae, Centrolenidae, Gymnophiona, and Caudata. An Addendum includes accounts of species described from 2023 to 2024. New data are incorporated for many species. Describes with full color maps the distribution of all known taxa. Includes information on the ecology, reproduction, and behavior of all taxa.