Optical metrology, the science and technology of measuring light, finds extensive applications across various sectors, including industry and health. In industry, optical metrology allows for accurate measurement of dimensions, shapes, and surface profiles of mechanical components. This is crucial in industries like aerospace, automotive, and precision engineering. Also, techniques like optical imaging, laser scanning, and holography facilitate non-destructive evaluation of materials and structures. In health, optical metrology enables to study of cellular structures, dynamics, and interactions with exceptional resolution, advancing fields like cell biology, neuroscience, and pharmacology. This book explains in detail the more recent optical imaging techniques carried out by the author in the field of industry and health.