With Operations Research and System Dynamics as research tools, this book discusses the theme of emergency supplies in Major Public Health Emergency (MPHE) scenarios. The subject includes a series of new issues: critical criteria matching supply with demand for emergency supplies in MPHE, emergency medical materials reserve mode, dynamic optimization of emergency logistics, dynamic optimization of allocating multi-period and multi-category emergency supplies, etc. This book is suitable for university teachers, undergraduate and graduate students, and researchers in fields of logistics and supply chain management as well as emergency management. The most important features of this bool include: 1) To achieve fairness and accuracy of material distribution during the epidemic, this book constructs a material shortage adjustment function; 2) From the comprehensive perspective of cross-regional coordination, multi-organization coordination and multi-period coordination, the operation optimization models of emergency material supply in major epidemic situation are constructed. Additionally, the comparative analysis and empirical research of the practices in China and Germany also reflects the novelty and benefit of the book.