This book offers a ten-year perspective on ongoing and evolving practices of digital activism across the Middle East and North Africa, drawing on interviews and ethnographic evidence collected between 2012 and 2022. It examines the shifting narrative around digital activism in the region, from the wake of the 2011 uprisings to the 2019 series of protests coined ‘the second wave of the Arab Spring’. It considers how media activists navigate the transition from the emergent to the mainstream in a climate of contentious politics, following the civil mobilisations of the pro-revolutionary youths in Tunisia, Egypt, and Lebanon. It outlines the particularities of these three different political contexts and media environments, featuring case studies of the Tunisian blogosphere, online campaigning in the Egyptian elections and interviews with social media activists. In light of this empirical evidence, the book offers a critique of the increasing prevalence of a security perspective through which online activism has been viewed and its deleterious effect on digital political engagement in the region.
List of Figures
1. 1. Introduction
2. 2. From Utopia to Dystopia
3. 3. From the Emergent to the Mainstream: The Cycle of Discursive Power
4. 4. Emergent Media in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia and Egypt: A Study of Blogosphere
5. 5. Mass-Media Campaigning on Twitter: Egypt and the 2012 Egyptian Constitution
6. 6. Making Sense of the Revolution: Debating Online Ober the 2012 Egyptian Constitution
7. 7. Looking back at the Revolution: Gathering Impressions from the Field after the 2013 Military Coup
8. 8. The Agenda of Global Security and its Implication for Independent Media
9. 9. Lebanon: Before, During and After the 2019 Revolution
10. 10. Conclusion: The Media as a Bridge Between the Political Theory and Political Praxis of the Revolution
B
Bibliography
Appendices
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