Throughout its history, the papacy has engaged with the world. Volume 1 addresses how the papacy became an institution, and how it distinguished itself from other powers, both secular and religious. Aptly titled 'The Two Swords,' it explores the papacy's navigation, negotiation, and re-negotiation, initially of its place and its role amid changing socio-political ideas and practices. Surviving and thriving in such environment naturally had an impact on the power dynamics between the papacy and the secular realm, as well internal dissents and with non-Catholics. The volume explores how changing ideas, beliefs, and practices in the broader world engaged the papacy and lead it to define its own conceptualizations of power. This dynamic has enabled the papacy to shift and be reshaped according to circumstances often well beyond its control or influence.
General Introduction Joëlle Rollo-Koster, Robert A. Ventresca, Melodie Eichbauer and Miles Pattenden; Part I. Christendom and Empire: 1. Inventing Peter in late antiquity George E. Demacopoulos; 2. From Constantine to Justinian Hartmut Leppin; 3. The Popes and the papacy in the Carolingian world Thomas F. X. Noble; 4. The papal monarchy and the empire in the thirteenth century Brett Edward Whalen; 5. Papal primacy and the holy Roman emperors (IV–XII centuries) Uta-Renate Blumenthal; Part II. Crises, Schisms, and Dissent: 6. Gregory VII and the reform movement John Howe; 7. The schism of 1054 Eugene Webb; 8. The papacy, heresy, and religious dissent Irene Bueno; 9. The papacy and crusaders: from the Saracens to Stalin Rebecca Rist; 10. The Avignon papacy and the Great Western Schism Blake Beattie; 11. The Great Western Schism in history and memory Bénédicte Sère; Part III. Reformations and Revolutions: 12. The papacy and the Protestants (1517–63) Nelson Minnich; 13. The Reformation Popes Tadhg Ó hAnnracháin; 14. The Popes and The Enlightenment Shaun Blanchard; 15. The papacy in revolution 1775–1823: the Cesena Popes, Pius VI and Pius VII Ambrogio Caiani; 16. Enlightenment and its aftermath: liberalism, materialism, and nationalism Daniele Menozzi; 17. Pope Leo XIII and the Catholic response to modernity Robert P. Kraynak; Part IV. Theopolitics and Religious Diplomacy: 18. Papal elections and renunciations Miles Pattenden; 19. The military papacy David Alvarez; 20. Benedict XV (1914–22) and the legacy of a wartime papacy John Pollard; 21. The papacy and slavery Justine Walden; 22. The papacy and the decolonization of Africa Elizabeth Foster; 23. The rise of liberation theology Michael E. Lee; 24. Papal diplomacy during and since the Ancien Régime Toby Osborne; Part V. Inter-Faith Relations: Confrontation and Dialogue: 25. The papacy and the Christian East: the theological issues Edward Siecienski; 26. The Popes and the Protestant churches Joshua Bennett; 27. The Popes and Islam John Tolan; 28. The Islamic world and the papacy Alexander Mallett; 29. The medieval papacy and the Jews Kenneth Stow; 30. The papacy and the Jews since the French Revolution Adrian Ciani; Bibliography.
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