Introduction xxx Part I Architectures Chapter 1 Service Provider Architectures 2 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 2 Foundation Topics 4 Network Core Architectures 4 Metro Ethernet 5 E-Line (Ethernet Line Service) 5 E-LAN (Ethernet LAN Service) 7 E-Tree (Ethernet Tree Service) 7 Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) 8 MPLS 8 Unified MPLS 10 Segment Routing 13 Segment Routing Traffic Engineering (SRTE) 14 SRv6 (Segment Routing IPv6) 15 Transport Technologies 16 DOCSIS 16 xDSL 17 TDM 19 Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM) 21 xPON 24 Routed Optical Networking 27 Mobility (Packet Core, RAN xhaul Transport for 5G vRAN and ORAN Transport) 31 Packet Core 32 xHaul 33 Functional Splits Options 34 O-RAN 36 Exam Preparation Tasks 37 Chapter 2 Software Architectures 40 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 40 Foundation Topics 41 Software Architectures 41 IOS 42 IOS XE 42 IOS XR 47 Exam Preparation Tasks 58 Chapter 3 Service Provider Virtualization 60 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 60 Foundation Topics 61 Virtualization Technologies 61 NFV Infrastructure 61 VNF Workloads 63 Containers 63 Application Hosting 68 Exam Preparation Tasks 70 Part II Routing Chapter 4 Routing Fundamentals 72 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 72 Foundation Topics 74 IP Routing 74 Changing Natural Routing Protocol Behaviors 76 Route Maps 77 Route Policy Language (RPL) 88 Prefix Lists 100 Prefix Sets 103 Exam Preparation Tasks 105 Chapter 5 IS-IS 108 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 109 Foundation Topics 110 Implement IS-IS (IPv4 and IPv6) 110 IS-IS Topology 111 Basic IS-IS Configuration 112 IS-IS Single Topology and Multitopology 121 IS-IS Adjacencies 129 IS-IS Network Types 131 IS-IS Metrics 137 Route Advertisement 141 Overload Bit 146 Authentication 148 Back to IS-IS Areas 152 Troubleshooting IS-IS 155 Exam Preparation Tasks 155 Chapter 6 OSPF 158 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 158 Foundation Topics 160 Implement OSPFv2 160 OSPF Overview 162 Designated Router and Backup Designated Router 169 DR and BDR Priorities 176 OSPF Timers 179 OSPF Network Types 181 Route Advertisement 186 OSPF Stubby Areas 193 OSPF Totally Stubby Areas 196 OSPF Not-So-Stubby Areas (NSSAs) 196 OSPF Totally Not-So-Stubby Areas 199 OSPF Multi-Area Adjacencies 200 OSPF Virtual Links 206 Implement OSPFv3 209 Configuring OSPFv3 211 Implementing OSPFv3 Authentication 218 OSPFv3 Multiple Instances 221 Troubleshooting OSPF 225 Exam Preparation Tasks 226 Chapter 7 BGP Fundamentals 228 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 228 Foundation Topics 231 Introduction to BGP 231 Autonomous System (AS) 231 BGP ASN Representation 236 BGP Messages 238 BGP Neighbor States 239 BGP Address Families 244 BGP Prefix Advertisement 246 BGP Path Attributes 248 BGP Path Selection 255 Weight 261 Locally Originated 263 AS Path 263 Origin 267 MED 268 BGP Multipath 273 eBGP vs. iBGP 274 IGP Next Hop 275 Oldest Route 275 Router ID 275 Accumulated IGP (AIGP) 275 Aggregate Address 277 Redistribution 280 Communities 282 Community Lists 290 BGP Peer Templates 291 Cost Community 292 Regular Expressions 294 Filter Lists 295 Mitigating the Split-Horizon Rule with Route Reflection and Confederations 297 Route Reflection 297 Confederations 304 BGP Loop Prevention 306 Allowas-in 307 AS Override 308 Troubleshooting 308 ACL/Firewalls 308 TTL 309 Authentication 310 Autonomous System 310 Different Address Families 310 MTU 311 Exam Preparation Tasks 311 Chapter 8 BGP Optimization and Convergence 316 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 316 Foundation Topics 317 Minimum Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI) 317 Fast Peering Session Deactivation 319 Next-Hop Tracking 322 BGP and IGP Interaction 326 BGP Route Dampening 328 Prefix Independent Convergence 333 BGP Shadow Route Reflector 340 BGP Best External 341 High Availability: BGP Graceful Restart 344 High Availability: BGP Non-Stop Routing 347 Exam Preparation Tasks 348 Chapter 9 Multicast 352 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 352 Foundation Topics 354 Multicast 354 IGMP 356 IGMPv1 357 IGMPv2 357 IGMPv3 358 Implementing IGMP 358 MLD 379 Multicast Routing Protocol Types 392 PIM-SM Multicast Distribution Trees 392 Rendezvous Points 410 PIM Auto-RP 410 PIM Bootstrap Router (BSR) 416 Bidirectional PIM 418 Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) 424 PIMv6 433 MLD 434 PIMv2 437 Static RP 439 BSR 442 Exam Preparation Tasks 447 Part III Transport Protocols Chapter 10 MPLS Fundamentals 452 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 452 Foundation Topics 454 MPLS Fundamentals 454 Reserved Labels 455 Ethertype 455 Additions of MPLS 456 MPLS Label Operations 456 MPLS Label Types 457 Label Assignment 458 MPLS LDP Autoconfig 465 MPLS Label Assignment 467 MPLS Advertise Labels 469 MPLS LDP Session Protection 477 MPLS LDP Session Authentication 480 MPLS LDP IGP Synchronization 483 MPLS OAM 488 Exam Preparation Tasks 491 Chapter 11 MPLS L2VPNs 494 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 494 Foundation Topics 496 Metro Ethernet 496 E-Line (Ethernet Line Services) 496 E-LAN (Ethernet LAN Services) 497 E-Tree (Ethernet Tree Services) 497 E-Access 498 MPLS AToM 498 VPLS 502 Discovery and Signaling 505 VPLS Signaled with LDP (Manual) 505 VPLS Signaled with LDP (Autodiscovery) 509 VPLS Signaled with BGP 513 H-VPLS 519 ITU-T G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching 525 CFM Protocols and Link Failures 526 Ethernet Connectivity Fault Management 526 Customer Service Instance 527 Maintenance Domain 528 Ethernet CFM Maintenance Domain 528 Maintenance Point 529 Maintenance Association 529 Maintenance Endpoints 530 CFM Messages 531 Cross-Check Function 532 Ethernet CFM and Ethernet OAM Interaction 533 Provider Bridges (802.1ad) 535 802.1ad Ports 537 Service Provider Bridges 538 S-Bridge Component 538 C-Bridge Component 539 NNI Port 539 Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB) 539 PBB-EVPN Components 541 EVPN 543 Next-Generation Solutions for L2VPN 545 CE Multihoming 545 Frame Duplication 545 MAC Flip-Flopping 545 MPLS-Based Data Plane EVPN 547 Exam Preparation Tasks 550 Chapter 12 MPLS L3VPNs 554 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 554 Foundation Topics 556 MPLS L3VPN 556 Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) 557 MPLS LDP 562 Multiprotocol-BGP (MP-BGP) 564 MPLS L3VPN Static PE-CE Routing 567 MPLS L3VPN OSPF PE-CE Routing 577 MPLS L3VPN OSPF Routing, Backdoor Link 585 OSPF Down Bit 589 MPLS L3VPN EIGRP PE-CE Routing 591 MPLS L3VPN BGP PE-CE Routing 595 BGP Allowas-in 596 BGP AS-Override 597 Route Target Filtering Mechanisms 598 Import and Export Maps 601 Route Target Constraint 604 MPLS L3VPN Route Reflector Deployment 607 Multicast VPN 610 Multicast VPN Service Types 611 Multicast Distribution Trees 611 Draft-Rosen 611 PIM/GRE mVPN: Routing Information Distribution Using PIM C-instances 613 NG Multicast for L3VPN–BGP/MPLS mVPN (NG mVPN) 614 Requirements for Support of PIM-SM SSM in an mVPN 614 BGP/MPLS mVPN: Carrying Multicast mVPN Routing Information Using C-Multicast Routes 615 Exam Preparation Tasks 617 Chapter 13 Advanced MPLS Services 622 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 622 Foundation Topics 624 Unified MPLS 624 MPLS L3VPN Shared Services (Internet) 629 MPLS L3VPN Internet Access Option 1: VRF-Specific Default Route 629 MPLS L3VPN Internet Access Option 2: Separate PE-CE Interface 634 MPLS L3VPN Internet Access Option 3: Extranet with Internet-VRF 635 MPLS L3VPN Internet Access Option 4: VRF-Aware NAT 639 MPLS Inter-AS L3VPN 640 Inter-AS Option A 641 Inter-AS Option B 643 Inter-AS Option C 649 Inter-AS Option AB 652 Carrier Supporting Carrier (CsC) 654 Quality of Service (QoS) 659 MPLS QoS 660 Uniform Mode 661 Pipe Mode 661 Short Pipe Mode 662 Exam Preparation Tasks 662 Chapter 14 MPLS Traffic Engineering 666 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 666 Foundation Topics 667 MPLS Traffic Engineering Fundamentals 667 OSPF Extensions for MPLS TE 670 IS-IS Extensions for MPLS TE 671 Constrained Shortest Path First 672 Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Operation in MPLS TE 673 RSVP PATH Message 674 RSVP RESV Message 675 RSVP Error Messages 676 RSVP Tear Messages 676 How to Place Traffic into a TE Tunnel 678 Forwarding Adjacency 687 MPLS Fast Reroute (FRR) 695 FRR Terminology 696 Link Protection 697 Node Protection 697 FRR on IOS XR 703 MPLS TE QoS 712 The DiffServ-TE Solution 712 Maximum Allocation Model (MAM) 713 Russian Dolls Model (RDM) 714 DiffServ for DS-TE 715 DS-TE Modes 715 Class-Based Tunnel Selection (CBTS) 716 Policy-Based Tunnel Selection 720 Exam Preparation Tasks 721 Chapter 15 Segment Routing 724 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 724 Foundation Topics 726 Segment Types 728 Global Segments 728 Local Segments 730 IGP Segments 731 IGP Prefix Segments 731 IGP Adjacency Segment 733 Combining IGP Segments 734 Segment Routing Control Plane 735 IS-IS Control Plane 735 OSPFv2 Control Plane 737 BGP Control Plane 739 SRv6 Control Plane 742 SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6) Header 742 SRv6 Node Roles 744 SRv6 Micro-Segment SID (uSID) 744 SRv6/MPLS L3 Service Interworking Gateway 745 Co-existence with LDP 746 Segment Routing Traffic Engineering 748 Segment Routing Policies 749 SR Policies and Candidate Paths 750 Binding-SID (BSID) 750 Flex-Algo 751 TI-LFA 753 Terms from Remote LFA Technology 754 Classic LFA Limitations 756 PCE-PCC Architecture 757 Exam Preparation Tasks 760 Part IV Service Provider Security Chapter 16 Securing Control Plane 764 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 764 Foundation Topics 766 CoPP 768 LPTS 772 Keeping LDP Safe 778 LDP Authentication 778 Label Advertisement Control (Outbound Filtering) 781 Label Acceptance Control (Inbound Filtering) 781 Label Allocation Filtering 783 Keeping BGP Safe 789 BGP Authentication 790 BGP TTL-Security 793 BGP Route Filtering 803 BGP Maximum-prefix 811 BGP Prefix Suppression 812 BGPsec 815 BGP Flowspec 822 Exam Preparation Tasks 830 Chapter 17 Securing Management Plane 836 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 836 Foundation Topics 838 Management Plane Protection Fundamentals 838 Tracebacks 843 AAA and TACACS 846 REST APIs 847 DDoS 849 Exam Preparation Tasks 851 Chapter 18 Securing Data Plane 854 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 854 Foundation Topics 855 Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF) 855 Access Control Lists (ACLs) 865 Remote Triggered Black Hole (RTBH) Filtering 866 Media Access Control Security (MACsec) 872 Exam Preparation Tasks 879 Part V Critical Operational Elements Chapter 19 IPv6 Transitions 882 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 882 Foundation Topics 884 Introduction 884 NAT44 884 CGNAT 887 NAT64 888 Stateless NAT64 889 Stateful NAT64 892 DNS64 895 DS-Lite 897 MAP-E 898 MAP-T 899 Exam Preparation Tasks 900 Chapter 20 High Availability Designs 904 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 904 Foundation Topics 905 NSF 906 IS-IS NSF 907 OSPF NSF 910 NSR 913 BFD 917 Link Aggregation 921 Exam Preparation Tasks 933 Chapter 21 Quality of Service 936 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 936 Foundation Topics 938 Traffic Classification 940 Traffic Policing 946 Traffic Shaping 958 Congestion Avoidance 961 Traffic Marking 966 IPv6 Flow Label 971 Exam Preparation Tasks 972 Part VI Automation and Orchestration Chapter 22 Automation and Assurance 976 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 976 Foundation Topics 978 REST APIs 978 What Is SOAP? 980 What Is RPC? 981 Model-Driven Programmability 982 Client/Server Model 984 Clients and Servers with NETCONF 985 Understanding Transport Protocols and Data Models 985 NETCONF 988 NETCONF Capabilities 988 Understanding NETCONF Operations 989 YANG 990 gRPC 991 Network Services Orchestrator (NSO) 992 How Does It Work? 993 Benefits 993 NSO Use Cases 994 Network Service Orchestration Tools 995 Secure ZTP 995 Secure ZTP Components 996 Initial Setup 996 How Secure ZTP Works 997 NetFlow/IPFIX 999 Streaming Telemetry 1001 SNMP 1004 SNMPv2c 1005 SNMPv3 1005 Ansible and Terraform 1008 Exam Preparation Tasks 1009 Part VII Final Preparation Chapter 23 Final Preparation 1012 Hands-on Activities 1012 Suggested Plan for Final Review and Study 1012 Summary 1013 Chapter 24 CCNP SPCOR (350-501) Exam Updates 1014 The Purpose of This Chapter 1014 About Possible Exam Updates 1015 Impact on You and Your Study Plan 1015 News About the Next Exam Release 1016 Updated Technical Content 1016 Part VIII Appendix Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes and Review Questions 1018 Online Elements Appendix B Memory Tables Appendix C Memory Tables Answer Key Appendix D Study Planner Glossary of Key Terms 9780135324806 TOC 10/31/2024

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