The use of school life as a closed narrative environment is well documented, and modern examples such as Malory Towers and Harry Potter show the genre's continued appeal. While there have been several histories of the school story, especially in children's literature, almost all of them take as their starting point Tom Brown's Schooldays. Although occasionally acknowledged in passing, there has never been a complete study of earlier school stories, or of other fictional portrayals of school life before the middle of the eighteenth century.
In Before Tom Brown, Robert Kirkpatrick traces the roots of the school story back to 2500BC, when school life was a feature of Sumerian, Egyptian and Graeco-Roman texts written as teaching aids for children. From Chaucer's Canterbury Tales to Shakesperean comedies, he explores for the first time the use of school dialogues in the classroom, in print and on stage, and presents new evidence that the first school novel appeared in 1607. Finally, he examines the role of the school story in the broader development of the novel as the genre became established through the eighteenth century. Readers will be rewarded with a whole new perspective on the history of children's literature.
Acknowledgements vii
Introduction 1
1 Early School Dialogues and Texts: From 2500 bc to
ad 1000 5
2 Chaucer's Schoolboy 31
3 Fifteenth- to Seventeenth-Century Vulgaria and Colloquies 38
4 Schools and Schoolboys on the Stage 76
5 The First School Novel: Dobsons Drie Bobbes 122
6 Defoe's Quarrelling Schoolboys 132
7 School Life in the Early English Novel 143
8 Education outside School: Émile, The Fool of Quality and
Sandford and Merton 172
9 The Genre Established: School Stories, 1749-85 190
Further Reading 223
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