Through a broad range of case studies spanning from imperial monuments to rural residences, Malayan Classicism puts forward a fundamentally new understanding of classical architecture in the Asian colonial context.
Across Malaysia and Singapore, thousands of historic buildings are richly ornamented with motifs drawn from Ancient Greece and Rome - as plump volutes, lush acanthus leaves, and neat rows of dentils decorate mosques, palaces, government buildings and innumerable terraced shophouses. These classical details jostle with ideas drawn from other architectural traditions from across Asia in a style that is unique to the region.
Presenting the first comprehensive account of what was, prior to World War II, Malaya’s most widespread architectural style, Malayan Classicism explores how the classical architecture of the British Empire was transmitted, translated, and transformed in the hands of local builders and architects. Addressing a critical gap in the scholarship, this book charts the metamorphosis of an imperial language of power into a local vernacular style, and provides a new way of reading classical architecture in a post-colonial context that will be applicable throughout the Global South.
Introduction
1. Columns and Capitals: Colonial Power and Malaya’s Capital Cities
British Classicism in Nineteenth-Century Penang and Singapore
Capital Ideas: Building Indo-Saracenic Kuala Lumpur
Variations on a Theme: The Spread of Imperial Capitalism in British Malaya
2. A Classical Education: The Architecture of Schools in British Malaya
St Joseph’s Institution, Singapore
The Tao Nan Chinese School, Singapore
The Malay College, Kuala Kangsar,
The Malay Free School at Jalan Sultan, Singapore
The Victoria Institution, Kuala Lumpur
3. Classical Monuments for the Modern Sultan: Royal Patronage of Classical Architecture in the Johor Sultanate
The Istana Besar at Johor Bahru
The Sultan Abu Bakar Mosque
Sultan Ibrahim’s Banqueting Hall
The Muar Mosque
4. Coarsened or Cosmopolitan? Re-reading Malaya’s Vernacular Classicism
A Diverse Profession
An Emerging Vernacular: Shophouses before the Twentieth Century
Nascent Eclecticism
A Consolidated Style
New Accents, New Languages: From Art Deco to Modernism
5. Vestal Versions: Malaya’s Temples of Commerce
Early Warehouses and Godowns
European Banks and Trading Houses
The Maritime Gateways of Empire
The China Building, Boat Quay
6. Decline and Fall? The Supreme Court, Empress Place, and the Kallang Aerodrome
Monumental Translation
Imperial Monuments, Colonial Labour
Modernity in Antiquity: The Materiality of the Supreme Court
Trial by Media: Critical Backlash to the Supreme Court in the Colonial Press
Grand Designs: Ward’s Unrealised Civic District
Taking Flight: The Kallang Aerodrome
Conclusion: Translations and Transitions
Bibliography
Index
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