Chromatin Signaling and Diseases, Second Edition, a volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, covers the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which governs embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging, such as cancer. Although human genome sequencing continues to improve, molecular mechanisms regulating gene expression remain largely misunderstood. The impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling are considered in this update. In addition, this new edition has addresses developments in the field, from phase separation of membrane-less organelles and local segregation of factors to chromatinization of naked foreign DNA and cancer evolution as regulated by chromatin signaling.
Chromatin signaling proposes that small protein domains recognize chemical modifications on the genome scaffolding histone proteins, facilitating the nucleation of enzymatic complexes at specific loci that then open up or shut down the access to genetic information, thereby regulating gene expression. The addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, as well as the proteins that specifically recognize these are also considered.
Section I: Histone Mark Writers
1. Histone Acetyltransferases, Key Writers of the Epigenetic Language
2. Impacts of Histone Lysine Methylation on Chromatin
3. The Role of Histone Mark Writers in Chromatin Signaling: Protein Arginine Methyltransferases
4. Histone Kinases and Phosphatases
Section II: Histone Mark Readers
5. The Bromodomain as an Acetyl-Lysine Reader Domain
6. Chromo Domain Proteins
7. The Role of PHD Fingers in Chromatin Signaling: Mechanisms and Functional Consequences of the Recognition of Histone and Non-histone Targets
8. Tudor Domains as Methyl-Lysine and Methyl-Arginine Readers
Section III: Histone Mark Erasers
9. Histone Deacetylases, the Erasers of the Code
10. Lysine Demethylases: Structure, Function, and Disfunction
Section IV: Chromatin Signaling
11. Variation, Modification, and Reorganization of Broken Chromatin
12. Crosstalk Between Histone Modifications Integrates Various Signaling Inputs to Fine-Tune Transcriptional Output
13. Signaling and Chromatin Networks in Cancer Biology
Section V: Chromatin Dynamics in Normal and Disease Conditions
14. Crosstalk Between DNA Methylation and Chromatin Structure
15. Epigenetic Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
16. Chromatin Signaling in Aging and Cellular Senescence
17. Chromatin Dynamics and Epigenetics of Stem Cells and Stem-Like Cancer Cells
18. Altered Chromatin Signaling in Cancer
19. Impact of Chromatin Changes in Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases: A Pathogen View
20. Chromatin Remodeling and Epigenetic Reprogramming in Chronic Disease and Cancer in the Liver and Pancreas
21. Pharmacological and Therapeutic Targeting of Epigenetic Regulators
22. Use of Chromatin Changes as Biomarkers
23. Regulation of Host Chromatin by Bacterial Metabolites
25. Phase separation and chromatin
26. Cancer evolution
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