After a brief introduction of the fundamental concepts of electrostatics, the book details various mechanisms of contact and frictional electric charging, with a special emphasis on the surface effects related to adsorption of water, contamination, inhomogeneity or roughness. The understanding of these physical and/or chemical mechanisms is a prerequisite for: (i) developing novel tribo-electrostatic applications, such as the separation of granular or powdery mixtures in waste recycling or food processing industries, electrostatic powder coating or energy harvesting; and (ii) mastering the hazards related to tribo-charging phenomena that accompany the pneumatic transportation of particulate matter, as well as textile or film manufacturing processes. Tribo-Electrostatics: Fundamentals, Challenges and Perspectives synthetically presents the state of the art in the field and reflects the authors' experience in the study of tribo-charging phenomena, as well as in the development of novel industrial applications.